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Ten Major Tips to Develop a Multilingual Web Site to Work
Copyright © 2004 Mahmood Bashaash
http://www.mahmoodb.comIf you are living in a country
that its native language is something rather than English
language, then you may like to develop your website to offer
content in the language of your own country.
There are millions of websites on the Internet that are all in
English language but there are billions of people on the earth
that speak in a different language and are not familiar with
English language.
However, most of the Internet users are basically familiar with
English language and could use the Internet but there are many
subjects that are hard to understand for those people whom their
language is not English.
One example is websites related to pharmaceutics. There are tons
of very difficult to understand phrases in the content. The
other example is educational websites that basically should
provide content in the local language not English language.
You may have many clients and business partners that wish to
read your sales copy and product information in their own
Language.
So, having a website that provides the content in a language
rather than English language is necessary for you. Chinese,
Arabic, Persian, Dutch, France and many other languages are
general samples of most used languages on the Internet.
For you to start a multilingual website, it is vital to consider
some tips before starting to design and develop your websites:
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1- The Code Page
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The best code page that you should choose for your web pages is
Unicode. Unicode is a kind of numeric presentation of characters
that is two bytes and so can contain up to 65535 characters to
show. Until now, there have been no human being languages in the
universe that have had more than these much characters. So, by
using Unicode, you are able to show all characters of your
language. To represent your web page as a Unicode page, add
below line of code in the head part of your page:
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
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2- Tools For Development
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For creating web pages in Unicode format, you should have a tool
to be able to type in your language. One of the tools that are
widely used by web developers is Microsoft Front Page.
If this tool is installed on Windows XP then you have the most
powerful set of software to create Unicode documents. FrontPage
is a WYSIWYG tool for creating web pages and you can easily
choose the language of your web page in options of the page and
appropriate HTML tags would be automatically inserted in the
code.
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3- Nature of the Language
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If your language is Right-To-Left like many of Asian and Middle
East languages, for example, Arabic, Persian and Hebrew, you
should tune your operating system to be able to switch from
Left-To-Right to Right-To-Left typing method to be able to type
from Right and from Left. If you are a Microsoft Windows user,
you can configure your system for multiple languages and
keyboards, each of them having different kind of input methods.
For example, you can add Farsi as the second language of your
Windows and then switch from English to Farsi by pressing a
combination of keys and start typing in Farsi. Also switching
from RTL to LTR would be possible by another key combination.
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4- Navigation and Design Considerations
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Some languages force to apply some changes in the design and
navigation of your website. For example, if you have a vertical
menu bar, you may put it in the left of your pages for English
pages and in the right for Arabic pages because Arabic is a RTL
language and people are used to start reading pages from right
to left. However this is not a rule, but it is better to
consider it in designing pages. Other issue is the entrance
page. If your website is in two languages, you may add an
entrance page that makes client choose the navigation language
of your website. This page could be a very nice graphical page
with two options for choosing desired language and then enters
the web site in that language. In some cases, you may consider
one language as the base and eliminate entrance page. In this
case, you assume most of the visitors may use a language that is
dominant and they enter automatically the web pages of your web
site that are in that language. However, visitors would see a
small icon in web pages that lets them switch to the other
language. Other method is to use IP2Country services that can
find the country of the visitor from its IP address and by
adding some simple dynamic code to your pages, you would be able
to switch to the language of the visitor. However, this method
is not %100 accurate and you should consider some percent of
fault in recognizing the country of the visitor.
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5- Font Face Considerations
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When you are creating your web pages in a language rather than
English, you would be limited in using font faces. There are a
few font faces in windows that are installed automatically and
can show multilingual characters. If you like your visitors view
your pages correct without any need to install fonts, you have
to use those minor number of multilingual fonts. One of the best
font faces is Tahoma that is somehow easy to read and contains
all Unicode characters also is included in Windows.
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6- Database Driven Web Sites
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If your web site is a database driven and you have forms that
clients may fill and be posted to database, there would be lots
of very technical issues that you should consider to be able to
collect and retrieve data in different languages. This part is
beyond the aims of this article.
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7- Search Engines
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Search Engine Optimization (SEO) is a major issue for
multilingual web sites and you should be aware that not
necessarily all major search engines and directories handle
multilingual web pages perfectly and your web site may not be
listed in many of them. Google is a search engine that indexes
multilingual web pages too. However there are some issues and
difficulties but it works well enough for your web site to be
indexed in your language.
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8- Domain Name
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No matter in which language is your web site, the domain name of
your web site should be in English because at this time, having
a domain name in other language is not a very easy thing to have
and multilingual domain names are a new issue and is under
development. There are some solutions but are not yet set
perfectly. So, I suggest you forget those solutions and choose
an English name for your web site.
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9- Web Server And Hosting
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However major web servers, like Microsoft IIS and Apache both
support multilingual web pages, but I strongly recommend you to
ask the hosting company for this issue and make yourself sure
that there wont be problems for your web pages to be served by
the hosting company.
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10- Name Web Site Files
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Never use Unicode characters in the name of your web pages.
However your operating system, like Windows, lets your choose
the file names in Unicode characters but be %100 sure that
theses web pages would have serious difficulties both server
side and client side.
In many cases, you won’t be able even to upload your web pages
to your host space and client’s browsers also won’t be able to
recognize the name of page and would generate error. This is
true for name of images, flash files, scripts and other pages.
Just use English names.
However I have tried to cover major issues in developing
multilingual web sites but this issue is something that needs
experience and you should yourself discover many of new issues
that are not included in this article.
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